{"id":985,"date":"2025-03-28T11:14:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/11-tunneloorlogvoering-in-noord-china-vlakte-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T11:14:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:14:39","slug":"11-tunneloorlogvoering-in-noord-china-vlakte-the-legend-of-underground-mazes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/11-tunneloorlogvoering-in-noord-china-vlakte-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/","title":{"rendered":"11 – Tunneloorlogvoering in Noord -China -vlakte: The Legend of Underground Maze\u200cs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Onder die koringvelde en dorpe van Noord-China-vlakte l\u00ea die drie-dimensionele dimens. Dit is nie pretparkritte nie, maar 'n 'ondergrondse groot muur' wat meer as 80 jaar gelede deur dorpenaars gegrawe is met skoppe en sweet – beide 'n lewenslyn en 'n slagveld.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-6\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n Oorlewing deur te grawe: 'n voetsooloplossing\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Na die volle uitbraak van die Tweede Sino-Japannese Oorlog in 1937, het die Japannese magte die wrede \u201cdrie allsbeleid\u201d (Burn All, Kill All, Loot All) in Noord-China-vlakte van stapel gestuur. Met plat grond wat geen wegkruipplekke bied nie, het dorpenaars in Hebei ondergronds begin grawe. Vroe\u00eb skuilings soos \u201cpadgate\u201d (klein putte vir een persoon) kon nie die indringers stop nie. Teen 1942 het inwoners en soldate \u200cmulti-funksionele tonnel-dazes geskep om weg te steek, te veg en te leef.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Op hul moeilikste tye het dorpenaars bedags geboer en snags tonnels per olielamp gegrawe. Sonder staal of sement het hulle houtstokkies gebruik om mure te ondersteun. Sonder pompe het hulle grondwater met wasbakke geslinger. 'N Bejaarde man van Ranzhuang, Hebei, het onthou:' Tunnels het ineengestort terwyl ons gegrawe het, maar niemand het opgehou nie – die dood beteken die dood. '\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n 'N ondergrondse stad meer ingewikkeld as 'n mierkolonie\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Hierdie tonnels was nie eenvoudige gate nie, maar volledig toegeruste doolhowe:\n<\/p>\n

\n Drie-laag lokvalle\u200c: Die eerste laag het mense weggesteek, die tweede was vir geveg, en die derde was om te ontsnap. Valse ingange vasgevang vyande.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-3\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Deadly Tricks\u200c: Flip-Door-lokvalle, gifgasmure, waterdigte hekke en selfs tuisgemaakte kanonne by tonneluitgange het Japannese soldate laat voel "hulle het die hel binnegekom."\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Underground Life\u200c: Bevelsentrums, hospitale, wapenwerkswinkels en voedselwinkels is hieronder versteek. In Jiaozhuanghu, baoding, tonnels wat aan putte en kombuise gekoppel is, met rook van skoorstene wat vyande mislei.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-4\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n In Qingyuan County, Hebei alleen, het tonnels oor \u200c16,000 kilometer (die helfte van die aarde se omtrek) gestrek en 'n dorpsgekoppelde 'ondergrondse internet' gevorm.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Vandag se nuwe missies: onderwys en toerisme\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Opvoedkundige basis\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Skoolkinders leer van afstammelinge van oorlogstyd -milisies hoe om tonnel ingange te vermom en te ervaar hoe inwoners vyande ondergronds beveg het. Hierdie praktiese leer gee patriotiese gees beter as handboeke.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lewende museum\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Die Ranzhuang Tunnel Warfare -terrein in Hebei bewaar 600 meter oorspronklike tonnels. Besoekers sit deur 1 meter ho\u00eb gange en raak gasvaste mure aan en voel die waarheid van die gesegde: 'Om agter te bly, moet geslaan word.'\n<\/p>\n

\n Opmerking Hierdie artikel is outomaties vertaal uit die Engelse weergawe deur Google Translator\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Onder die koringvelde en dorpe van Noord-China-vlakte l\u00ea die drie-dimensionele dimens. Dit is nie pretparkritte nie, maar 'n 'ondergrondse groot muur' wat meer as 80 jaar gelede deur dorpenaars gegrawe is met skoppe en sweet – beide 'n lewenslyn en 'n slagveld. Oorlewing deur te grawe: 'n voetsooloplossing\u200c na die volledige uitbraak van die tweede Sino-Japannese […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"bamstone","author_link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/author\/bamstoneoutlook-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Onder die koringvelde en dorpe van Noord-China-vlakte l\u00ea die drie-dimensionele dimens. Dit is nie pretparkritte nie, maar 'n 'ondergrondse groot muur' wat meer as 80 jaar gelede deur dorpenaars gegrawe is met skoppe en sweet - beide 'n lewenslyn en 'n slagveld. Oorlewing deur te grawe: 'n voetsooloplossing\u200c na die volledige uitbraak van die tweede…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}