{"id":985,"date":"2025-03-28T11:16:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/11-warfare-de-tunel-a-la-plana-del-nord-de-la-xina-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T11:16:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:16:00","slug":"11-warfare-de-tunel-a-la-plana-del-nord-de-la-xina-the-legend-of-underground-mazes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/11-warfare-de-tunel-a-la-plana-del-nord-de-la-xina-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/","title":{"rendered":"11 – Warfare de t\u00fanel a la plana del nord de la Xina: The Legend of Underground Maze\u200cs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Sota els camps de blat i els pobles de la plana del nord de la Xina es troben amagades laberents tridimensionals. No es tracta de passejades al parc d\u2019atraccions, sin\u00f3 una \u201cgran paret subterr\u00e0nia\u201d excavada per vilatans fa m\u00e9s de 80 anys amb pales i suor, tant una l\u00ednia de vida com un camp de batalla.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-6\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n Superviv\u00e8ncia excavant: una soluci\u00f3 de base\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Despr\u00e9s de l'esclat de la segona guerra sino-japonesa el 1937, les forces japoneses van llan\u00e7ar la brutal "Tres Alls Pol\u00edtica" (cremar tot, matar a tots, saquejar tots) a la plana del nord de la Xina. Amb terres planes que no ofereixen amagatalls, els vilatans a Hebei van comen\u00e7ar a cavar sota terra. Els primers refugis com els \u201cforats del gripau\u201d (fosses min\u00fascules per a una persona) no van poder aturar els invasors. Cap al 1942, els locals i soldats van crear \u200cmulti-t\u00fanel funcional Mazes\u200c per amagar, lluitar i viure.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n En els seus moments m\u00e9s dif\u00edcils, els vilatans van cultivar de dia i van excavar t\u00fanels per l\u00e0mpada de petroli a la nit. Sense acer ni ciment, utilitzaven pals de fusta per suportar les parets. Sense bombes, van rec\u00f3rrer aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies amb conques. Un home gran de Ranzhuang, Hebei, va recordar: "Els t\u00fanels es van esfondrar a mesura que vam excavar, per\u00f2 ning\u00fa no es va aturar, va significar la mort".\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n Una ciutat subterr\u00e0nia m\u00e9s complexa que una col\u00f2nia de formigues\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Aquests t\u00fanels no eren forats simples, sin\u00f3 laberints completament equipats:\n<\/p>\n

\n Traps de tres capes\u200c: la primera capa va amagar la gent, la segona va ser per combat i la tercera va ser per escapar. Enemics atrapats en entrades falses.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-3\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Trucs mortals\u200c: trampes de portes flipes, parets de gas ver\u00ed, portes impermeables i fins i tot canons casolans a les sortides de t\u00fanel van fer que els soldats japonesos sentissin "han entrat a l'infern".\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Life subterr\u00e0nia\u200c: els centres de comandament, els hospitals, els tallers d\u2019armes i les botigues d\u2019aliments es van amagar a continuaci\u00f3. A Jiaozhuanghu, Baoding, t\u00fanels connectats a pous i cuines, amb fum de xemeneies que trucaven enemics.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-4\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Al comtat de Qingyuan, Hebei nom\u00e9s, els t\u00fanels es van estendre m\u00e9s de 16.000 quil\u00f2metres\u200c (la meitat de la circumfer\u00e8ncia de la Terra), formant un "Internet subterrani" relacionat amb el poble.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Les noves missions d\u2019avui: educaci\u00f3 i turisme\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Base educativa\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Els escolars aprenen dels descendents de les mil\u00edcies de guerra com disfressar les entrades de t\u00fanel i experimentar com els vilatans van lluitar contra els enemics sota terra. Aquest aprenentatge manual espurna l\u2019esperit patri\u00f2tic millor que els llibres de text.\n<\/p>\n

\n Museu de la vida\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n El lloc de guerra del t\u00fanel de Ranzhuang a Hebei conserva 600 metres de t\u00fanels originals. Els visitants s\u2019agrupen a trav\u00e9s de passatges d\u20191 metre d\u2019al\u00e7ada i toquen parets a prova de gas, sentint la veritat de la dita: \u201cPer quedar-se enrere \u00e9s ser colpejat\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n Nota Aquest article es va traduir autom\u00e0ticament a partir de la versi\u00f3 anglesa per Google Translator\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sota els camps de blat i els pobles de la plana del nord de la Xina es troben amagades laberents tridimensionals. No es tracta de passejades al parc d\u2019atraccions, sin\u00f3 una \u201cgran paret subterr\u00e0nia\u201d excavada per vilatans fa m\u00e9s de 80 anys amb pales i suor, tant una l\u00ednia de vida com un camp de batalla. Superviv\u00e8ncia excavant: una soluci\u00f3 de base\u200c despr\u00e9s del brot complet del segon sino-japon\u00e8s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"bamstone","author_link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/author\/bamstoneoutlook-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Sota els camps de blat i els pobles de la plana del nord de la Xina es troben amagades laberents tridimensionals. No es tracta de passejades al parc d\u2019atraccions, sin\u00f3 una \u201cgran paret subterr\u00e0nia\u201d excavada per vilatans fa m\u00e9s de 80 anys amb pales i suor, tant una l\u00ednia de vida com un camp de…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}