{"id":985,"date":"2025-03-28T11:22:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T11:22:43","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:22:43","slug":"11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/","title":{"rendered":"11 – Tunnel Warfare in North China Plain: The Legend of Underground Maze\u200cs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Pod pola pszenicy i wioski p\u00f3\u0142nocno-chi\u0144skiego r\u00f3wniny le\u017c\u0105 ukryte tr\u00f3jwymiarowe labirynty. Nie s\u0105 to przeja\u017cd\u017cki parkiem rozrywki, ale \u201epodziemna wielka \u015bciana\u201d wykopana przez wie\u015bniak\u00f3w ponad 80 lat temu \u0142opatami i potokiem – zar\u00f3wno lini\u0105 \u017cycia, jak i pola bitwy.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-6\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n Prze\u017cycie przez kopanie: rozwi\u0105zanie oddolne\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Po pe\u0142nym wybuchu drugiej wojny chi\u0144sko-japo\u0144skiej w 1937 r. Si\u0142y japo\u0144skie rozpocz\u0119\u0142y brutaln\u0105 \u201etrzy polityk\u0119 Alls\u201d (Burn All, Kill All, SAVER) na r\u00f3wninie P\u00f3\u0142nocnych Chin. Maj\u0105c p\u0142askie ziemia, kt\u00f3re nie oferuj\u0105 kryj\u00f3wek, wie\u015bniacy w Hebei zacz\u0119li kopa\u0107 pod ziemi\u0105. Wczesne schroniska, takie jak \u201eRopuchy\u201d (ma\u0142e do\u0142y dla jednej osoby) nie powstrzyma\u0142y naje\u017ad\u017ac\u00f3w. W 1942 r. Miejscowi i \u017co\u0142nierze stworzyli \u200cMulti-Funkcyjne Mazes tunelu do ukrywania, walki i \u017cycia.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n W najtrudniejszych czasach wie\u015bniacy uprawiali w ci\u0105gu dnia i wykopali tunele lamp\u0105 naftow\u0105 w nocy. Bez stali lub cementu u\u017cywali drewnianych patyk\u00f3w do wsparcia \u015bcian. Bez pomp zgarn\u0119li wody gruntowe z basenami. Starszy m\u0119\u017cczyzna z Ranzhuang, Hebei, przypomnia\u0142 sobie: \u201eTunele upad\u0142y, gdy wykopali\u015bmy, ale nikt nie przesta\u0142 – nieustanie oznacza\u0142o \u015bmier\u0107\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n Podziemne miasto bardziej z\u0142o\u017cone ni\u017c kolonia mr\u00f3wek\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Te tunele nie by\u0142y prostymi otworami, ale w pe\u0142ni wyposa\u017cone labirynt:\n<\/p>\n

\n Tr\u00f3jwarstwowe pu\u0142apki \u200c: Pierwsza warstwa ukry\u0142a ludzi, druga dotyczy\u0142a walki, a trzecia by\u0142a dla ucieczki. Fa\u0142szywe wej\u015bcia uwi\u0119zi\u0142y wrog\u00f3w.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-3\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n \u015amiertelne sztuczki \u200c: pu\u0142apki na drzwi, truj\u0105ce \u015bciany gazowe, wodoodporne bramy, a nawet domowe armaty w tunelu sprawi\u0142y, \u017ce japo\u0144scy \u017co\u0142nierze poczuli: \u201eweszli do piek\u0142a\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n \u017bycie podziemne \u200c: Centra dowodzenia, szpitale, warsztaty broni i sklepy z \u017cywno\u015bci\u0105 by\u0142y ukryte poni\u017cej. W Jiaozhuanghu, Baoding, tunele po\u0142\u0105czone ze studniami i kuchni\u0105, z dymem z komin\u00f3w osza\u0142amiaj\u0105cych wrog\u00f3w.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-4\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n W hrabstwie Qingyuan, sam Hebei, tunele rozci\u0105gn\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 ponad 16 000 kilometr\u00f3w \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c \u200c 16 000 kilometr\u00f3w (po\u0142ow\u0119 obwodu Ziemi), tworz\u0105c wioski \u201epodziemny internet\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Dzisiejsze nowe misje: edukacja i turystyka\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Baza edukacyjna \u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Szko\u0142y ucz\u0105 si\u0119 od potomk\u00f3w wojennych milicji, jak ukry\u0107 wej\u015bcia do tunelu i do\u015bwiadczy\u0107, jak wie\u015bniacy walczyli wrog\u00f3w pod ziemi\u0105. Ta praktyczna nauka wywo\u0142uje patriotyczny duch lepiej ni\u017c podr\u0119czniki.\n<\/p>\n

\n Muzeum Living\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Witryna wojny w tunelu Ranzhuang w Hebei zachowuje 600 metr\u00f3w oryginalnych tuneli. Odwiedzaj\u0105cy kucaj\u0105 przez 1-metrowe fragmenty i dotykaj\u0105 \u015bcian odpornych na gaz, odczuwaj\u0105c prawd\u0119 powiedzenia: \u201epozosta\u0107 w tyle, nale\u017cy pobi\u0107\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n Uwaga Ten artyku\u0142 zosta\u0142 automatycznie przet\u0142umaczony z jego wersji angielskiej przez Google Translator\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pod pola pszenicy i wioski p\u00f3\u0142nocno-chi\u0144skiego r\u00f3wniny le\u017c\u0105 ukryte tr\u00f3jwymiarowe labirynty. Nie s\u0105 to przeja\u017cd\u017cki parkiem rozrywki, ale \u201epodziemna wielka \u015bciana\u201d wykopana przez wie\u015bniak\u00f3w ponad 80 lat temu \u0142opatami i potokiem – zar\u00f3wno lini\u0105 \u017cycia, jak i pola bitwy. Przetrwanie przez kopanie: rozwi\u0105zanie oddolne\u200c po pe\u0142nym wybuchu drugiego chi\u0144sko-japo\u0144skiego [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"bamstone","author_link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/author\/bamstoneoutlook-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Pod pola pszenicy i wioski p\u00f3\u0142nocno-chi\u0144skiego r\u00f3wniny le\u017c\u0105 ukryte tr\u00f3jwymiarowe labirynty. Nie s\u0105 to przeja\u017cd\u017cki parkiem rozrywki, ale \u201epodziemna wielka \u015bciana\u201d wykopana przez wie\u015bniak\u00f3w ponad 80 lat temu \u0142opatami i potokiem - zar\u00f3wno lini\u0105 \u017cycia, jak i pola bitwy. Przetrwanie przez kopanie: rozwi\u0105zanie oddolne\u200c po pe\u0142nym wybuchu drugiego chi\u0144sko-japo\u0144skiego [\u2026]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}