{"id":985,"date":"2025-03-28T11:24:16","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T11:24:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:24:16","slug":"11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/11-tunnel-warfare-in-north-china-plain-the-legend-of-underground-mazes\/","title":{"rendered":"11 – Tunnel Warfare in North China Plain: The Legend of Underground Maze\u200cs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Under vete f\u00e4lt och byar i Nordkina ligger dolda tredimensionella labyrinter. Dessa \u00e4r inte n\u00f6jesparker utan en "underjordisk stor v\u00e4gg" som gr\u00e4vts av bybor f\u00f6r \u00f6ver 80 \u00e5r sedan med spade och svett – b\u00e5de en livlinje och en slagf\u00e4lt.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-6\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n \u00d6verlevnad genom att gr\u00e4va: en gr\u00e4srotsl\u00f6sning\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Efter det fulla utbrottet av det andra kinesiska-japanska kriget 1937, lanserade japanska styrkor den brutala "Three Alls Policy" (Burn All, Kill All, Loot All) i North China Plain. Med platt mark som inte erbjuder n\u00e5gra g\u00f6mst\u00e4llen b\u00f6rjade bybor i Hebei gr\u00e4va under jorden. Tidiga skyddsrum som "padda h\u00e5l" (sm\u00e5 gropar f\u00f6r en person) misslyckades med att stoppa inkr\u00e4ktare. \u00c5r 1942 skapade lokalbefolkningen och soldaterna \u200cmulti-funktionella tunnel Mazes\u200c f\u00f6r att g\u00f6mma sig, sl\u00e5ss och leva.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Vid deras sv\u00e5raste tider odlade byborna p\u00e5 dagen och gr\u00e4vde tunnlar med oljelampa p\u00e5 natten. Utan st\u00e5l eller cement anv\u00e4nde de tr\u00e4pinnar f\u00f6r att st\u00f6dja v\u00e4ggar. Utan pumpar skopade de grundvatten med bass\u00e4nger. En \u00e4ldre man fr\u00e5n Ranzhuang, Hebei, erinrade om: "Tunnlar kollapsade n\u00e4r vi gr\u00e4vde, men ingen slutade – stoppade innebar d\u00f6den."\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n
\n En underjordisk stad mer komplex \u00e4n en myrkoloni\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Dessa tunnlar var inte enkla h\u00e5l utan fullt utrustade labyrinter:\n<\/p>\n

\n Treskiktsf\u00e4llor\u200c: Det f\u00f6rsta lagret g\u00f6mde folk, det andra var f\u00f6r strid, och den tredje var f\u00f6r flykt. Falska ing\u00e5ngar f\u00e5ngade fiender.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-3\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Deadly Tricks\u200c: Flip-Door-f\u00e4llor, giftgasv\u00e4ggar, vattent\u00e4ta grindar och till och med hemlagade kanoner vid tunnelutg\u00e5ngarna fick japanska soldater att k\u00e4nna "de hade kommit in i helvetet."\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-8\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n Underground Life\u200c: Kommandocentra, sjukhus, vapenverkst\u00e4der och livsmedelsbutiker g\u00f6mdes nedan. I Jiaozhuanghu, baoding, tunnlar anslutna till brunnar och k\u00f6k, med r\u00f6k fr\u00e5n skorstenar som lurar fiender.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"tunnel-warfare-4\"
\n<\/figure>\n

\n I Qingyuan County, Hebei ensam, str\u00e4ckte tunnlar \u00f6ver \u200c16 000 kilometer\u200c (halva jordens omkrets) och bildade ett bybundet "underjordiskt internet."\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Dagens nya uppdrag: Utbildning och turism\u200c
\n <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n Utbildningsbasis:\n<\/p>\n

\n Skolbarn l\u00e4r sig av \u00e4ttlingar till krigsmiliser i krig hur man d\u00f6ljer tunneling\u00e5ngar och upplever hur bybor k\u00e4mpade fiender under jord. Denna praktiska inl\u00e4rning gnister patriotisk ande b\u00e4ttre \u00e4n l\u00e4rob\u00f6cker.\n<\/p>\n

\n Living Museum\u200c:\n<\/p>\n

\n Ranzhuang Tunnel Warfare -webbplatsen i Hebei bevarar 600 meter originella tunnlar. Bes\u00f6kare kr\u00f6ker sig genom 1-meter h\u00f6ga passager och ber\u00f6r gass\u00e4kra v\u00e4ggar och k\u00e4nner sanningen av ordspr\u00e5ket: "Att h\u00e5lla sig bakom ska sl\u00e5s."\n<\/p>\n

\n Obs! Den h\u00e4r artikeln \u00f6versattes automatiskt fr\u00e5n den engelska versionen av Google Translator\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Under vete f\u00e4lt och byar i Nordkina ligger dolda tredimensionella labyrinter. Dessa \u00e4r inte n\u00f6jesparker utan en "underjordisk stor v\u00e4gg" som gr\u00e4vts av bybor f\u00f6r \u00f6ver 80 \u00e5r sedan med spade och svett – b\u00e5de en livlinje och en slagf\u00e4lt. \u00d6verlevnad genom att gr\u00e4va: en gr\u00e4srotsl\u00f6sning\u200c efter det fulla utbrottet av den andra kinesiska-japanska […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"bamstone","author_link":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/author\/bamstoneoutlook-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Under vete f\u00e4lt och byar i Nordkina ligger dolda tredimensionella labyrinter. Dessa \u00e4r inte n\u00f6jesparker utan en "underjordisk stor v\u00e4gg" som gr\u00e4vts av bybor f\u00f6r \u00f6ver 80 \u00e5r sedan med spade och svett - b\u00e5de en livlinje och en slagf\u00e4lt. \u00d6verlevnad genom att gr\u00e4va: en gr\u00e4srotsl\u00f6sning\u200c efter det fulla utbrottet av den andra kinesiska-japanska [...]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happymazes.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}